Lesson 23: Past Participles as Adjectives

23.1 Using Past Participles as Adjectives

Let's take a very brief detour from the world of verbs. Just like in English, past participles can also be used as adjectives in French.

Here's a quick reminder on how to form the past participle:

1 For -ER and -RE verbs, drop the ending to find the stem:
parler parl-
vendre vend-
2 Add for -ER verbs and -u for -RE verbs:
parl + é parlé
vend + u vendu
3 For -IR verbs, simply drop the R:
finir fini

Examples:

Voici Jean, récemment arrivé de ses vacances.

This is Jean, just back (arrived) from his vacation.

Une vie bien vécue

A life well-lived

When past participles are used as adjectives, they must agree (masculine vs. feminine, singular vs. plural) with their nouns:

  • la femme récemment mariée the newly married woman
  • les plats préparés the prepared dishes
  • le voyageur fatigué the weary traveler

That's all there is to it. When a past participle acts as an adjective, it changes to match the noun it describes.