22.1 Stem-Changers
In this batch of simple future irregulars, we are only going to make small changes to the infinitive. We get to use the same endings, and we still attach them to these fancy, new, slightly-modified infinitives.
Here's an example: Tener becomes TENDR- and then we add the endings (-é, -ás, -á, -emos, -éis, -án) to make yo tendré or ellas tendrán.
Complete List of Irregular Future Stems
| tener → TENDR-(to have) | haber → HABR-(to have) |
| hacer → HAR-(to do) | poder → PODR-(to be able to) |
| decir → DIR-(to say) | querer → QUERR-(to want) |
| saber → SABR-(to know) | poner → PONDR-(to put, to set) |
| salir → SALDR-(to go out) | venir → VENDR-(to come) |
| suponer → SUPONDR-(to suppose) |
Understanding the Patterns
Let's point out a few things. There are a few subtle patterns in here:
- Sometimes a vowel just goes away, as in QUERR-
- Or a whole ending goes away, as in DIR-
- Or a vowel becomes a D, as in SALDR-
These patterns repeat with different verbs. For example, both venir (VENDR-) and poner (PONDR-) replace their vowels with a D. See if it helps you to seek out those patterns and match them up.
As with previous tenses, any of these that take prefixes maintain the same changes in the new forms. So obtener (to obtain) and mantener (to maintain) will follow the same rules as tener. This means:
- obtener → obtendr- (yo obtendré)
- mantener → mantendr- (yo mantendré)
Practice Time!
Master these verb conjugations from Lesson 22